yogyakarta

Yogyakarta Special Region (or Jogja, Yogya, Jogjakarta, Jogjakarta and often abbreviated DIY) is a province of Indonesia which is located in the southern part of Java Island and bordering Central Java province in the north. Geographically, Yogyakarta is located in Central part of Java island. The area was hit by the earthquake on May 27, 2006 which resulted in 1.2 million people homeless.

IN Province. Yogyakarta has a public service supervision agency called the Regional Ombudsman in Yogyakarta, established by Decree of Governor of DIY. Sri Sultan HB X in 2004.
Special Region of Yogyakarta is a province based on the Sultanate and the Duchy Pakualaman Ngayogyakarta. Also added is also my ex-Kasunanan region Surakarta Sultanate and Praja Mangkunagaran had previously been an enclave in Yogyakarta.

Government of Yogyakarta Special Region origins can be traced from 1945, even before that. A few weeks after the proclamation of 17 August 1945, at the insistence of the people and after seeing the conditions that exist, Hamengkubuwono IX issued a royal decree, known as 5 September 1945 Mandate Wikisource-logo.svg. The contents of the decree is a monarchy integration into the Republic of Indonesia in Yogyakarta. Substantially similar decree was issued by the Paku Alam VIII on the same day. Decree for integration with the Republic of Indonesia such actually was issued by the various monarchs in the archipelago, although not a few of the monarchy is waiting for the enforcement of the Netherlands East Indies after the defeat of Japan.

At that time Ngayogyakarta Sultanate rule include:

District of Yogyakarta with bupatinya KRT Hardjodiningrat,
Bantul regency with bupatinya KRT Joyodiningrat,
Gunungkidul district with bupatinya KRT Suryodiningrat,
Kulonprogo with bupatinya KRT Secodiningrat.

While the power Duchy Pakualaman include:

City District Pakualaman with bupatinya KRT Brotodiningrat,
District Adikarto with bupatinya KRT Suryaningprang.

By leveraging the momentum of the formation of the Working Committee of the National Committee of Indonesia Yogyakarta on October 29, 1945 with the chairman and deputy chairman Moch S. Saleh Joyodiningrat and Ki Bagus Hadikusumo, then a day later, semufakat with KNI Working Body Region of Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX and Paku Alam VIII issued a royal decree together (known by October 30, 1945 Mandate Wikisource-logo.svg) whose contents give up power in the Working Legeslatif KNI Region of Yogyakarta. From then also the second ruler of the kingdom in southern Java decreed together and start a union of two kingdoms.

Since then not only the royal decree signed by the monarch but also by the chairman of the Working Committee as a symbol of Yogyakarta Regional KNI consent of the people. The development of the monarchy unity experienced ups and downs. On May 18, 1946, the official name of the Special Region of Yogyakarta put into use in the affairs of local government asserted the unity of two kingdoms to be a special area of ​​the State of Indonesia. Use of these names are in Notices No 18 on the Councils of Representatives in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (see Notices of Yogyakarta No. 18 Year 1946 Wikisource-logo.svg). Government remains united monarchy lasted until the issuance of Law No. 3 Year 1950 concerning the establishment of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, which confirmed the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Paku Alaman region is an integral part of the State of Indonesia.

“(1) Local area covering the Sultanate and the region is defined to be Paku Alaman Special Region of Yogyakarta. (2) Special Region of Yogyakarta is level with the province.” (Article 1 of Law No. 3 of 1950)

Etymology

Territory which later became the palace and the capital city of Yogyakarta has long been known before the Sultan Hamengkubuwono I chose it as the central government. The county is known in the work of traditional history (Chronicle) and in leluri from mouth to mouth. Giyanti Chronicle story that has established a palace of Sunan Amengkurat named Gerjiwati in the region. Then by Paku Buwana II called Ayogya. [6] Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat Etymologically derived from the word Ayu – Gya – Karto or Ayodhya – Karto – Ning – Rat. Harimurti Subanar, UGM, describe: Nga = Towards; Yogya = As good – good; Karta = Work / Makarya; Hadi = Great, Luhur; Ning = Clear, Clear, Holy; Rat = Jagat, Bawono; small universe is a big man and the universe is the natural universe. Philosophically, the meaning is the essence Ngayogyakarta, gegayuhan or purpose in life to create the world’s last world & domestic happiness which Baladil Amin (Adil & Amanah).

This empire was founded in Pesanggarahan Garjitowati, Tlatah Pacetokan, Alas Bering, who was between two rivers, namely: Winongo River and Code River. Kraton Complex located in the middle – the middle and is in as-cosmic, from the north there is a straight line with the monument and the South of Mount Merapi and symmetrical with Stage Krapyak and the southern sea.

Kraton Area Persagi 14,000 meters, in which there are 22 kinds of building form and function based on value – the value of philosophical, the Palace was built in 1756 with condrosengkolo Memet: “Dwi Tunggal Dragon Rasa.”

Kraton has the Plengkung or main gate which each has a name – the name itself, has a high fortress surrounding the palace and four Beteng spies in every corner. The number of roads in and out of there 9 road, and 5 roads meet dialun – square, pattern formation of Yogyakarta city is essentially an implementation of the concept P. Mangkubumi 1755, which is based on spatial form of the human body where Yogyakarta divided into two regions, the south is a spiritual symbol and a symbol of the northern part of the world.

Buildings north of Yogyakarta Palace consists of: Kedhaton / Prabayekso, Ward Kencana, Regol Danapratapa / Gate, Ward Sri Manganti, Regol Sri Manganti, Ward Ponconiti, Regol Brajanala, Siti Hinggil, Tarub Court, Exhibition (pole 64), Alun – alun north (the number of trees 62, number 62 + 64 depict the prophet years of age and years of Java AD), Beringharjo Market, Monument. The South: Regol Kemagangan, Ward Kemagangan, Regol Gadung Mlati, Ward Kemandungan, Regol Kemandungan, Sasana Hinggil, Alun – alun Selatan, Krapyak.

Governance

General

At the beginning of its establishment, the Special Region of Yogyakarta adopted the system of government as practiced by Brunei, namely Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX as governor, Sri Paduka Paku Alam VIII as lieutenant governor, who runs day-to-day administration directly, as well as the head of the monarchy and the Sultanate Ngayogyakarta Duchy Pakualaman. In practice, due to frequent Sultan was appointed as a minister by the central government, the daily administration is run by the Sri Paduka Paku Alam VIII.

Yogyakarta is also the principle of triad politics, namely the distribution of powers between the legislature – which is represented by the House of Representatives of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, the executive by the Sultan, Paku Alam and department heads, and the judiciary by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia. On the basis of the 1945 law, Act 3 / 1950 and-now being discussed by the House of Representatives bill Privileges-DIY, Yogyakarta make a ‘special’, where democracy can go hand in hand with cultural forces – mainly because of charisma duumvirate Sri Sultan – Sri Paduka Paku Alam is still very high in the community.

In line with changes in legislation, coupled with reform, then there are problems in filling the office of governor, because since 1965, become the province of Yogyakarta Special Region as other provinces in Indonesia, so follow the Local Government Act issued by the House just as the area other. Society wants the government DIY style remains as it is today, on the other side of the government of Indonesia wants to be confused with other provinces, by reason of effective democracy.

Basic philosophy of local development Yogyakarta Special Region is Hamemayu Hayuning Bawana, as lofty ideals to improve people’s lives Yogyakarta values ​​based on local cultural values ​​that need to be preserved and developed. Another basic philosophy is Hamangku-Hamengku-Hamengkoni, Throne For the People, and the See for Social Welfare-cultural. The concept of philosophy as a milestone in the establishment of the Islamic Mataram, since Demak – Jipang – Display up to Panembahan Senopati – King Hanyakrawati – Sultan Agung – Amangkurat – Pakubowono – Hamengkubuwono – Paku Alam – Mangkunegara refers to the principle of monotheism “wihdatil form – wushul form” is packaged in a language symbol: “Sangkan Paraning Dumadi manunggaling subjects lan Gusti”.

Prince Mangkubumi as Sultan al-Awwal who holds lane Senopati Ing Ngalaga Abdurrakhman Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatullah I founded a new civilization Ngayogyakarta named, according to Day Subanar of FIB-UGM, the name is in terms of etymology comes from the Ng-ayu -Gya-Djakarta-hadi-ning-rat, which means an invitation to race in building a new civilization for the creation of happiness of the world and the hereafter. According to the book Quraisyin Fiber Adammakna in Yugawara, Sekar sinom written back by Ir. H. Wibatsu (the late), explain that the word is synonymous with the country Ayogya King Ramawijaya ing Ayudya which means memayu karahayon Kerta sedyaning merdikaning sabumi Rahayu, Gya means for the pleasure of Allah, Karta means harjaning sarira tataning trapsila ing krami, Sultanate means mengkoni dina den santosaning behavior, ning tyas mleng sajuga, ngrat personal sajagadnya, mardikengrat tetep salaminya lasting.

It is very clear that the meaning behind the title that carried an Emperor as the leader of compatible / identical to the meaning behind the name of the State Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat lead. Title of Sultan “baladil amen” and the name of State based on the Koran “rahmatan lil alamin” is a unified whole “golong-gilig” in delivering his people towards the welfare of physically and spiritually – the world hereafter, this is in line with the principle / hadith the Prophet in upholding the civil or civil society that megedepankan principle of social solidarity, pluralism, justice in undertaking the people of the pleasure of Allah.

Historically, the role of struggle since Hanyakrakusumo Sultan Agung, Sultan HB I, Prince Diponegoro, until Sultan HB IX is no doubt in the fight against all forms of physical occupation of imperialism and neo-imperialism, so that Soekarno on December 19, 1949 through messages scrawled struggle gold ink on white paper, which reads: Yogyakarta, known for his struggle, then quicken the soul continues to struggle.!

Province

Government of Yogyakarta Special Region formal legally established by Act No. 3 Year 1950 Wikisource-logo.svg (State Gazette Year 1950 No. 3) and Law Number 19 Year 1950 Wikisource-logo.svg (State Gazette Year 1950 Number 48) in force begin August 15, 1950 by PP No. 31 Year 1950 Wikisource-logo.svg (State Gazette Year 1950 Number 58).

Law No. 3 Year 1950 on the Establishment of the Special Region of Yogyakarta has a very short content with 7 chapters and an appendix listing authority autonomy. The law only regulates the region and the capital, the number of parliament members, like the authority of Special District Government, and the rules that are transitional in nature.

Law Number 19 Year 1950 itself is a revision of Law No. 3 of 1950 which contains additional authority for the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Status of Yogyakarta at the time of formation is the Special Region of the Province level. New in 1965 Yogyakarta Province made like other provinces in Indonesia.

The substance of the privilege, the Special Region of Yogyakarta is: First, special in terms of Government Formation History of DIY related to the struggle for Independence of the Republic of Indonesia under the 1945 Constitution, Article 18 & The explanation which guarantees the right of the origin of an area as a regional self-praja (zelfbestuurende landschaappen). Second, the special form of government in terms of DIY as a provincial-level regions which consists of merging the “state” Nagari Sultanate Ngayogyakarta with Praja Duchy Pakualaman within the Unitary Republic of Indonesia according to Law no. 3 / 1950. Third, special in terms of Heads of Government who chaired by Sultan DIY & Duke who reigns as the Charter Status, August 19, 1945, HB Notices Paku Alam IX & VIII on 5 September 1945 and October 30, 1945. The position of the Special Region of Yogyakarta as regulated by Law No. 3, 1950 as lex specialis never be clearly defined, detailed, rigid in Law no. 5, 1974; Law No.22, of 1999, Law No.32, 2004 as a lex generalis cope, giving rise to any legal implications there are changes in legislation – a law that regulates local government and the head region.